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AIM: TO MODEL AND ANALYZE MULTIPLE BUILDINGS WITH DIFFERENT FLOOR LEVELS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS USING ETABS SOFTWARE AND COMPARE THE RESULTS TO UNDERSTAND THEIR OVERALL SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR. INTRODUCTION: The structural configuration of the building plays a major role in determining the overall response during an earthquake.…
Samiksha dhole
updated on 17 Dec 2022
AIM: TO MODEL AND ANALYZE MULTIPLE BUILDINGS WITH DIFFERENT FLOOR LEVELS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS USING ETABS SOFTWARE AND COMPARE THE RESULTS TO UNDERSTAND THEIR OVERALL SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR.
INTRODUCTION:
The structural configuration of the building plays a major role in determining the overall response during an earthquake. Different building geometries behave differently when induced by the same seismic forces. Hence, it is very important to properly understand the response of buildings related to their structural configurations for a safer design approach. Therefore in this project, we have modeled different buildings with varying geometries using ETABS. Furthermore, their responses are analyzed with the help of the software and the results are then compared to grasp an understanding of the structural behavior of buildings with different storeys.
DETAILED PROCEDURE:
For an easier approach, this project is divided into two phases. In the first phase, we have covered the modeling part of the buildings where the structures are drawn from scratch as per the pre-specified geometrical and structural conditions. Moreover, running the analysis and generating the structural output with regard to all the buildings is also covered in the first phase itself.
Moreover, a comparative analysis of the structural results obtained in the first half is executed in the second phase of this project. And based on the comparative results, various structural properties of the buildings pertaining to their seismic response are concluded.
PHASE ONE: Modeling the Buildings and Generating their Respective Structural Outputs using ETABS
There are a total of 10 buildings included in this project to achieve a more comprehensive conclusion. The buildings are listed in alphabetical order starting from A and ending at K. A complete stepwise procedure to model all the buildings and generate their respective structural outputs is discussed in detail as follows:
1. BUILDING "A" (G+2)
Setting up the Grid Data
Fixing the Story Data
Defining the Material Properties
Defining Section Properties
B300X400
C400X400
S150
Execute the Modeling
Quick Draw Columns
Quick Draw Beams
Quick Draw Floors
Complete Model in 3D
Define the Load Patterns
Generate Load Combinations
Assign Loads to the Structural Members
10 KN/m brick Wall Load on Beams
3 KN/m^2 Live Load on Slabs
Assign the Floor Diaphragm
Modal Response for Building A
2. BUILDING "B" (G+5)
Now to model building B, we need not create a new ETABS file from scratch. Rather we will save a copy of the building A file and do the alterations needed for building B. For example, we can increase the number of stories to 5 by editing the story data within the copied file. So, the complete procedure to do so in ETABS is discussed below:
Converted 5 Story Model
Check for Shell Loads
Check for the Frame Loads
Diaphragm Check
Modal Response for Building B
3. BUILDING "C" (G+5 with column orientation in X-direction)
The story and grid data for building c will remain still. However, we need to change the column size and orient the same in the X-direction. So, the complete stepwise procedure for the same is discussed in detail below:
Required Column Section
Check for the Frame loads
Check for the Shell Loads
Diaphragm Check
Modal Response for Building C
4. BUILDING "D" (G+5 WITH COLUMN ORIENTATION IN THE Y-DIRECTION)
In this model, we don't need to alter anything other than the column orientation. The sizes of the column will remain the same however, we have to shift the column orientation from X to Y direction. So follow the same procedure as we did for the previous model and save as the C file into the D file. Then, select the column section and assign the local axes and bring the origin back to 0. This way, all the columns shall be oriented in the Y-direction. Then like usual, check for the loads and the diaphragm before running the analysis. Then, go ahead and note the modal period for building D.
So, as explained above, the model was executed for building D and the natural period was noted as inserted below:
(The detailed procedure to do it has already been discussed for the previous model)
Required Column Section
Run the Analysis
Modal Response for Building D
5. BUILDING "E" (G+10)
Column sizes for top 5 storeys: 400x400
Column sizes for bottom 5 storeys: 600x600
PROCEDURE:
In this model, we need to add up 5 more storeys to our model. In addition, we also need to assign different column sizes on different floors. And to do that, we'll first save the ETABS file for building D as a new model for building E. Then, edit the story data as we have done for our previous models in ETABS. Then, we need to add two new column sections with the required directions and assign them at appropriate floors in our model as specified.
So, the stepwise procedure to create new columns and locate them on required floors is explained below:
Set the Building Limit, Select Columns, and Assign them the Required Sections
6. BUILDING "F" (G+10)
Consistent Column size throughout the structure: C600X600
PROCEDURE:
This building has the same columns for the entire structure. Therefore, we don't need to do much editing in terms of the sections. We just need to adjust the view settings>hide beams and floors>select all the columns>assign them the frame section properties of C600x600.
7. BUILDING G (G+25)
Columns for top 5 stories: C400X400
Columns for middle 10 stories: C600x600
Columns for bottom 10 stories: C800x800
PROCEDURE:
For this model, we need to add 15 new stories and assign different column sizes on different floors. We can follow the exact procedure that has already been explained for the previous project to create this model by editing building F. The same is discussed below:
8. BUILDING "H" (G+25)
Consistent column size throughout the building: C800X800
PROCEDURE:
This is the same model as the previous one. All we need to do is assign the column section as C800x800 for the entire structure which can be done by simply selecting all the columns>go to assign>select C800x800>click ok and done. Thus the same procedure is listed down below for better understanding.
9. BUILDING "J" (G+25)
10% increment in the imposed loads
PROCEDURE:
Building J is the exact copy of the model H and we don't need to alter anything related to the modeling. However, we need to increase the imposed load on the building by 10% which is assigned as 3KN/m^2 on all slabs of the building. So, the procedure to do the same is listed down below:
10. BUILDING "K" (G+25)
20% increment in the imposed loads
PROCEDURE:
For this model, we can follow the exact procedure as we did for building j. However this time, we need to increase the live load by 20% as opposed to 10%. So, the stepwise procedure has been listed down below:
PHASE II: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUILDING PROPERTIES BASED ON THEIR STRUCTURAL OUTPUTS
As we have completed the modeling and analysis of different story buildings in the previous phase of this project, now we are going to compare those results and try to understand the change in behavior of buildings based on their structural geometries. So, a comprehensive comparative analysis of structural properties of different story buildings is executed in the below sections on the basis of various criteria such as stiffness, mass, building height, etc.
Comparative Table
Conclusion:
For buildings E and F, varying column design doesn't make a big difference as there are only five stories. However, we can see that for buildings G and H, the consistent column size throughout the structure causes a more natural period. Therefore, it can be concluded that providing larger columns at the base and then reducing the size on top floors helps control the natural period 'T' for tall buildings.
Comparative Table
Conclusion:
As seen from the table, the natural period for the tall buildings is directly proportional to the imposed mass of the building.
Comparative Table
Conclusion:
As indicated in the above table, the natural period 'T' is also directly proportional to the building height.
Conclusion:
When the column cross-section is square, there's not much difference between the lateral displacement in both the orthogonal directions. However, when you orient the column in a particular direction be it X or Y, the lateral displacement in that particular direction will be less than that in the other direction which has a lesser column length.
Comparative Table
Conclusion:
It is pretty obvious that if you decrease the flexural stiffness of beams, the overall flexural strength of the beam is also going to reduce, and consequently, the fundamental natural period will shoot up.
Conclusion:
As the axial stiffness of columns decreases, the fundamental natural period of the building increases regardless of its structural geometry.
Conclusion:
It is evident that pinned support offers fewer restraints compared to the fixed one which leads to more movement and thus increased natural period. As a result, it can be concluded that the fixed support will give you better control over the fundamental natural period of buildings.
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