Week 8: Literature review - RANS derivation and analysis

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                       RANS LITERATURE REVIEW: DERIVATION OF RANS EQUATONS FOR TURBULENT FLUID FLOWS OBJECTIVE To apply Reynolds Decomposition to NS Equations and obtain the expression for Reynold's Stress  …

Please Find the solution of the challenge attached.

AIM To perform a CHT simulation between solid and liquid interface for a flow with Reynolds Number 7000.   INTRODUCTION The exchange of thermal energy between the two physical bodies is called studyof Heat Transfer where the rate of transferred heat is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the…

OBJECTIVE Simulation of Supersonic flow through a duct channel with sharp corners to observe the formation of shock waves.   BOUNDARY CONDITIONS There are three types of boundary conditions used in CFD. When using a Dirichlet boundary condition, one prescribes the value of a variable at the boundary, e.g. u(x) = constant.…

OBJECTIVE To simulate flow through throttle body through 25 degree rotation of the throttle plate w.r.t. time.   TIME STEP CALCULATION Bounding box is activated. l_x = 0.106; l_y = 0.119. Characteristic length of the elbow = l = 0.2 m. Average inlet velocity from the steady state = V = 190 m/s/ t = l/V = 0.2/190 =…

OBJECTIVE To Simulate a Steady State Flow through a Throttle Body Using Converge   INTRODUCTION A throttle is the mechanism by which fluid flow is managed by constriction or obstruction. It is a flow control device used to regulate fluid flowing through a section of pipeline. The current simulation is performed on…

INTRODUCTION In any particular reaction, there are multiple intermediate reactions happening which affect the rate of the entire mechanism. These reactions depend on different operating conditions and can be controlled to alter the mechanism to the desired state. In order to control the reactions, we can change different…

INTRODUCTION Auto-ignition occurs when a mixture of gases or vapors ignites spontaneously in absence of any external ignition source such as a flame or a spark. The temperature at which auto-ignition occurs is called the auto-ignition temperature. It is the lowest temperature in a system where the rate of heat evolved…

INTRODUCTION While solving a combustion mechanism, the rates of production/depletion of different species are calculated in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs).   The rate of production/dissipation of a particular species depends on the concentration of the species itself as well as the concentration…

What is Stability? Stability means that errors at any stage of the computation are not amplified but are attenuated as the computation progresses. In terms of the solution of a differential equation, a function f(x) is said to be stable if any other solution of the equation that starts out sufficiently close to it when…

INTRODUCTION A recuperator is a special purpose counter-flow energy recovery heat exchanger connected with the furnace positioned in the exhaust gas-streams in order to recover the waste heat. One use of a recuperator is to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber before mixing with the fuel.      …

1. Use the \"moles\" method/function of the A object and explain how it was calculated. By using the combustion reaction of methane: `CH_4+2(O_2+3.76N_2 )→CO_2+2H_2 O+7.52N_2` We defined O2=0.21 and N2=0.71 that equal to 1. A = mixture of O2 and N2, so A is contain 2 Moles Knowing that: `X_(species)=(N_(species)/(N_t))`…

INTRODUCTION In the study of combustion, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) depending on how the process is completed: the constant volume and constant pressure; both of which describe temperature that combustion products theoretically can reach if no energy is lost to the outside environment.  …

INTRODUCTION A gate valve is a barrier that acts as a restriction to the path of a fluid.  Passage to the fluid is given by lifting the gate.  gate valves require very little space and do not restrict the flow when fully opened.    SIMULATION OBJECTIVE Performing a parametric study by creating 5 design…

INTRODUCTION Combustion is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. In complete combustion, the reactant burns in oxygen, and produces a limited number of products. When a hydrocarbon burns in oxygen,…

INTRODUCTION Cyclonic separation is widely used in the industry to remove particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate a mixture of solids and fluids. A high-speed rotating airflow is established within a cylindrical…

INTRODUCTION A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The…

INTRODUCTION TO RAYLEIGH TAYLOR INSTABILITY The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability, is instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities that occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. Examples include: The behaviour of water suspended above oil in the gravity…

Case Description The Graphics card is cooled by using Forced convection bypassing Air. The different parts of the graphics card are Fins, Board and Processor, which is the heat source. The processor is placed in contact with the board and fins. This model is enclosed by an enclosure that acts as the inlet and outlet.…

WHAT IS CHT? The term conjugate heat transfer (CHT) is used to describe processes that involve a variation in temperature within solids and fluids because of thermal interaction between solids and fluids. It corresponds to the combination of heat transfer in solids and heat transfer in fluids. Conduction: Heat transfer…

INTRODUCTION TO AN AHMED BODY The Ahmed body is a simplified model of a car, comprising a blunt nose with rounded edges fixed onto a box-like middle section and a rear end that has an upper slanted surface, the angle of which can be varied. We support the model on circular-sectioned legs or stilts, rather than wheels.Despite…

INTRODUCTION The focus of this project will be simulating laminar pipe flow for a geometrically reduced model.  We shall be comparing results of the Wedge and the Symmetry Boundary Condition. We shall be utilizing the results from the previous project (Part 1 of this challenge) and compare the results with the symmetry…

INTRODUCTION Caliberation of the velocity and pressure distribution is of utmost necessity for the design of a piping system. Internal flow inside a pipe could either be laminar or turbulent. Flow characteristic whether laminar or turbulent is determined by a property known as the Reynold\'s Number.     …

INTERPOLATION In mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In FVM, interpolation schemes are utilized to obtain the values of volume integrals required AT THE POINT OTHER THAN NODES. Examples of interpolation…

 INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW ANALYSIS THROUGH A BACKWARD FACING STEP USING                                                            OpenFOAM   GIVEN MESH SPECIFICATIONS…

OBJECTIVES 1. Perform a compasison on nd order derrivative using 4th order approximations by the      following numerical schemes      1.1. Central Difference Scheme     1.2. Right Sided Skewed Scheme     1.3. Left Sided Skewed Scheme   2. Comparison of the above mentioned…

PROBLEM SETUP DESCRIPTION 1. Steady isentropic flow through a Convergent Divergent Nozzle is Assumed. 2. Source flow into the inlet of the nozzle is at constant temperature and pressure. 3. Isentropic supersonic expansion of the flow occurs as denoted by the Mach Number Values     as shown is the above schematic.…

SIMULATION OF 2-D HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION SOLUTIONSIN TRANSIENT                                                            AND STEADY STATES   Basic Introduction About…