1. Central Difference To calculate number of nodes for central differencing, order of accuracy P = Number of nodes in the stencil N - order of derivative Q + 1 we know, P = 4, Q = 2. Solving for N we get N = 5 Let `(d^2f)/dx^2 = a f(i-2) + b f(i-1) + c f(i) + df(i+1) + e f(i+2)` we have to create a taylor's…

Steady state is referred to when the temperature with respect to time does not change. Unsteady/Transient State is shen the temperature with respect to time does change. The 2nd order partial diffential equation for Unsteady State is: `(delta T)/(delta t) - alpha *((delta^2T)/(delta x^2) + (delta^2T)/(delta y^2)) = 0`…

Simulation of a 1D Super-sonic nozzle flow simulation using Macormack Method In this project, I will be solving a 3D nozzle flow simulation which has been converted to a 1D nozzle, disregarding any change in quantities in the y and z directions.     This type of flow is called quasi-one-dimensional flow. This…

In this project, I will be simulating an incompressible-laminar-viscous flow through a backward facing step. This will be solved using the software OpenFOAM running on Debian. The solver for this simulation was chosen to be icoFoam, I decided what solver to use from this guide on OpenFOAM's website This is from their guide,…

The Finite Volume Method is a method used to evaluvate partial differential equations by converting them into algebaric equations. In this method, each domain is divided into finitely small volumes, the partial differential equations are solved for each volume. Because solving for each volume will be tedious, the equations…

In this project, I will be simulating an incompressible-laminar-axi-symmetric flow through a constant cross section for a Reynold's number of 2100. This will be solved using the software OpenFOAM running on Debian.   The solver for this simulation was chosen to be icoFoam, I decided what solver to use from this guide…

This project is a continuation of my earlier project about the same topic. You can read it here: In this project, I will be comparing how the solution changes when the wedge angle is changed from 4 degrees to 10, 25 and 45 degrees. I will also be looking at how the solution changes when the wedge boundary condition is…

In this report, I will be simulating a channel flow in a domain of the dimensions: 0.1m long, 0.1m tall and the wideness of the domain is infinity (the flow does not vary across the z axis) for 3 different mesh sizes. Geometry Creation 1. Create Tool - using the create tool, a cuboidal geometry is created of l_x = 0.1m,…

In this report, I will be simulating a channel flow in a domain of the dimensions: 0.1m long, 0.1m tall and the wideness of the domain is infinity (the flow does not vary across the z axis) for 3 different mesh sizes. Geometry Creation The geometry can either be created manually using converge or it can also be imported…

In this project, a steady state analysis of flow over a throttle body will be performed in converge. Geometry Creation The geometry can either be created manually using converge or it can also be imported from another CAD software, in my case I imported the simple geometry. Do note that converge requires all geometry to…

In this project, a trasient simulation of flow over a throttle body at different angles will be performed in CONVERGE. Geometry Creation The geometry can either be created manually using converge or it can also be imported from another CAD software, in my case I imported the simple geometry. Do note that converge requires…

Shock Flow It is a sudden change in flow variables (pressure, temperature, velocity, density, etc.). A shock wave occurs when all the built up pressure in a supersonic flow is released at a point where flow is subsonic, such as behind an aircraft, etc. The flow variables change drastically after the nexus between super…

In this project, I will be simulating a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) in converge cfd. This project will include supercycles, a y+ output. I will be taking a look at the effects of the variation of supercycle stage interval from 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03, and conduct a grid dependence test. Geometry Creation The geometry can…

In this project, a trasient simulation of a shock tube will be performed in converge. A shock tube contains 2 mixtures, one at high pressure and one at low/atmospheric pressure seperated by a thin diaphragm. When this diaphragm is ruptured, violent mixing occurs. A shock tube simulation or experiment is usually used to…

Navier Stokes Equations `(del u)/(del x) + (del v)/(del y) = 0` `rho ( (del u)/(del t) + u (del u)/(del x) + v (del u)/(del y)) = -(del p)/(del x) + mu (del^2 u)/(del y^2)` Reynolds Decomposition Reynolds decomposition refers to separation of the flow variable (like velocity u {\displaystyle u} `u`) into the mean (time-averaged)…

In this project, a trasient simulation of a NACA 2412 airfoil will be performed in converge. The maximum camber is 2% of chord length at 40% of the chord length. The maximum thickness is 12% of chord length at 30% of chord length. I will also be looking at the effect of angle of attack on Co-efficient of lift and drag.…

Ahmed body is a simplified vehicle body used for capturing basic yet charecteristic features seen in objects used in the automobile industry. Calculation of Reynolds Number We know, `Re = (rho * v * L) / mu` where, `L = 0.1m, rho = 1.177 kg//m^3, mu = 1.853 xx 10^-5  N*s//m^2 and u = 40 m//s` `Re = (1.177 * 40 * …

In this project, I will be attempting to conduct an analysis of an indsutry standard FSAE car. The project will be divided into two phases, being:Phase 1: This phase involves importing the geometry, cleaning up any errors, flagging appropiate surfaces as boundaries, creating a wind tunnel for the car with a ground surface,…

In this project, a simulation of a mixing tee will be conducted in ANSYS using the FLUENT solver. A mixing tee is used for mixing two fluids with different velocities or temperatures or types, etc. It is used to ensure both fluids are properly mixed before exiting the tee. In this project, the mixing tee contains of 2…

In this project, a basic two-dimensional flow over a cylinder will be conducted for a wide range of reynold's numbers. A cylinder is a basic geometric shape that is seen everywhere, and there are multiple literatures that confirm an unstable region behind the cylinder beyond a certain reynold's number. This instablity…

Ahmed body is a simplified vehicle body used for capturing basic yet charecteristic features seen in objects used in the automobile industry. It is used for testing new CFD solvers or testing one's ability to perform simulations as there are a pleothra of experimental data available about the ahmed body to compare simulation…

  A CHT or Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis is used where there are multiple phases in a simulation and energy transfer in the form of heat occurs between the multiple phases. An example could be a condenser of any type, where the hot working fluid transfers its heat energy to a coolant. A CHT analysis can be used…

  The Rayleigh-Taylor is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. A good example would be water suspended on oil, under the influence of earth's gravity. As the RT instability develops, the initial perturbations progress…

  A CHT or Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis is used where there are multiple phases in a simulation and energy transfer in the form of heat occurs between the multiple phases. An example could be a condenser of any type, where the hot working fluid transfers its heat energy to a coolant. A CHT analysis can be used…

In this project, a cyclone separator will be simulated using ANSYS Fluent and Discrete Phase Modelling. A cyclone separator uses inertia to remove impurities or small particles from flowing fluid. They are used as pollution control devices to reduce the amount of polluntant particles from entering the atmosphere. It is…

  In this project, a simulation of a gate valve will be conducted in ANSYS Fluent using Parameters. A gate valve is a control valve used to control the rate of flow of fluid through a pipe. It is used mostly to shut off flow. It is controlled by turning a handwheel which is connected to a spindle, when the handwheel…

In this project, a simulation of the combustion of natural gas will be performed. Natural gas primarily consists of methane (CH4), and upon combustion produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Since the gas usually contains some impurties, other oxides like nitrous oxide (NOx) are produced as well. Improper combustion…

In this project, a pressure valve will be meshed in ANSA. The geometry has errors, and the project will be for three different mesh lengths. (1mm, 3mm and 5mm) The geometry was imported into ANSA and this is the initial geometry: There are multiple holes in the geometry, which have to be fixed before the meshing process…

In this project, a turbocharger will be meshed in ANSA. The geometry has multiple errors, these errors will be fixed. The mesh's element's lengths are different for each component of the geometry, and the mesh will be generated accordingly. The mesh length specifications are: Blade stage-1 = 1 mm Blade stage-2 = 1 mm Impeller…

In this project, a BMW car in a wind tunnel will be meshed in ANSA. The geometry has multiple errors, these errors will be fixed. The mesh's element's lengths are different for each component of the geometry, and the mesh will be generated accordingly. The mesh length specifications are: Body - 3 mm Lights - 4 mm Grills…

In this project, an automotive assembly will be surface wrapped in ANSA. The assembly consists of: Engine, Gearbox and Transmission - all as separate geometries. The geometry has multiple errors, these errors will be fixed. The fixed geometries will be merged in ANSA and a surface wrap will be performed. The target length…

  In this project, a Tesla Cybertruck in a wind tunnel will be meshed in ANSA. The geometry has multiple errors, these errors will be fixed. The mesh's element's lengths are same for each component of the geometry, but the mesh will be generated separately. The mesh length specifications are: Body - 5 mm Lights -…

In this project, I will be simulating a simple convergent-divergent nozzle in ANSYS Fluent. The geometry is split into half, since the entire nozzle is symmetrical. These are the dimensions of the nozzle: Geometry The geometry can be created in SpaceClaim using lines and an arc with 3 points. This is the completed geometry…

1. Literature Review of Pitot - Static Tube It is a device that measures the stagnation pressure and static pressure of the fluid flow. The devices consists of a tube with two openings. One opening points directly into the fluid flow, while the other opening opens perpendicular to the fluid flow. It is commonly used to…

Turbulence is a phenomenon that is present in all flow seen around us and happens when the reynold's number of a flow exceeds the critical number. When turbulence occurs, eddies or vortices are formed in flow which drastically changes fluid properties in that area. Initially larger eddies are formed, which may break into…

In this project, a simulation of a NACA0012 airfoil will be performed in ANSYS Fluent for various angles of attack and flow speed. The angles of attack are: 5, 10 and 15 degrees Flow conditions are: subsonic (0.15 times the mach number) and supersonic (1.2 times the mach number) The effect of these on the lift and drag…

Moving Zones are used in simulations where there is a moving part/surface, such as an impeller, gearbox simulation, etc. There are two major approaches used to model rotary motion in a domain, they are: 1. Moving Reference Frame: in this approach, the frame is considered to be moving. The control volume is constant, and…

  In this project, a transient simulation on a generic turbomachinery component will be performed in ANSYS Fluent. The main objective is to use the Moving Mesh Approach, the mesh moves along with the geometry hence a new mesh is generated for every timestep. Geometry & Mesh The geometry consists of three .msh…

In this project, an Ahmed Body will be simulated in ANSYS Fluent, and the relavant results will be studied. An acoustic modelling simulation of the same body will also be performed. Ahmed Body is a simplified vehicle body used for capturing basic yet charecteristic features seen in objects used in the automobile industry.…

In this project, I will be calculcating the most efficient slot-fuel injector and cavity-flame holder for a scramjet in ANSYS Fluent. A scramjet engine is an improvement over the traditional ramjet engine as it efficiently operates at hypersonic speeds and allows supersonic combustion. Thus it is known as Supersonic Combustion…

In this project, a simple code to create an animation of a 2R robotic arm will be created in MATLAB. A 2R robotic arm consists of a base, two arms and two rotational joints. Arm 1 is attached with the help of a rotational joint. Arm 1 makes an angle of `theta_1` with the horizontal axis and has a length of `L_1`. The other…

In this project, I will be writing code in MATLAB to solve the motion of a simple pendulum. A simple pendulum motion's depends on Newton's Second Law. The equation which governs the motion of a simple pendulum is (with damping) `(d^2theta)/(dt^2) + b/m(d theta)/(dt) + g/L sin theta = 0` Where, `theta` is the angular displacement…

In this project, I will be generating a stalagmite function in MATLAB and find the global maxima of the function using Genetic Algorithm. A stalagmite function is a function which generates Stalactites, which are named after a natural phenomenon where rocks rise up from the floor of due to accumulation of droppings of…

In this project, I will be parsing a data file prepared by NASA. The contents of the data file can be used to generated thermodynamic properties such as Specific Heat at Constant Pressure 'C_p' (`J//(kg.K)`), Enthalpy `H or Q` (`J`) and Entropy `S` (`J//(kg.mol)`) at various temperatures. The files will be parsed in MATLAB…

  In this project, I will be writing code in MATLAB to simulate a Rankine Cycle for the given parameters. A Rankine Cycle is an ideal thermodynamic heat cycle where mechanical work is extracted from the working fluid as it passes between a heat source and heat sink. This cycle or its derivatives is used in steam engines…