What Is Computer Network Architecture and Its Types?

In the palm of our hands, we have unlimited knowledge. We can access any website with a few swipes and acquire the information we need in seconds. It's so handy that we frequently take for granted the intricate and remarkable mechanics that make it all possible - the cables, wires, and servers.

It is the essence of network architecture. It is the efficient transfer of data from one computer to another. And for firms with an online component, it's a critical notion with substantial implications for their operations. Let's begin with a definition of computer networking architecture.

Computer Network Architecture: What Exactly Is It?

A network's logical and structural arrangement is known as computer network architecture. It elucidates how network devices, such as computers, are linked together and the rules governing data transfer between them.

Based on the network's size and purpose, numerous ways to design network architecture exist. A computer network architecture is a database model used to flexibly represent things and their relationships. The model schema of the network, which is represented as an arcs graph for relationship types and nodes for item kinds, is a distinguishing feature.

For instance, a WAN (wide area network) is a collection of interconnected networks that frequently span long distances. Its network architecture differs from a smaller office branch's LAN (local area network).

Computer network architecture must be developed appropriately as it influences total systems performance. For example, choosing the wrong transmission medium or equipment for a given expected server load might result in network slowdowns.

In a computer, network architecture consists of hardware and software that receives and sends data from one device to another. Software defines the instructions that use the hardware equipment for data transmission. In contrast, hardware specifies the set of instructions that use the hardware equipment regarding data transmission. A simple data transfer includes a number of stages spread over various tiers of a computer network. We will thoroughly examine computer network models to comprehend how data is transferred and received at the computer level.

Unlike previous database models, the model schema of the network is not confined to a hierarchy or lattice; instead, a graph substitutes the hierarchical tree, permitting more basic interactions among the nodes. The network model is a database model that may represent things and their interconnections in various ways. Its distinctive trait is that, when viewed as a graph, the schema is not confined to a hierarchy or lattice in which relationship types are arcs, and item types are nodes.

Network Architecture: Why Do We Need It in Computers?

So the question is, "What is the need for network architecture in computers?" A computer network architecture is a depiction of an architecture or design for accomplishing communication across numerous network operating systems. Protocol suites and network stacks are other terms for network models. It includes Novell's Internet Package Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange, TCP/IP, Net-BIOS (Microsoft), which includes all the building blocks for Microsoft's most network and networking applications, as well as AppleTalk, the network operating system for Apple Macintosh computers.

Layers are frequently used in network models. Each model layer represents a separate set of skills. Protocols are commonly defined inside a model's layers to carry out certain activities. A protocol can be viewed as a set of rules or language.

There are several network architectures to select from. Some of these models, like the TCP/IP network model, are tied to a particular implementation. Others, like the OSI-RM/ ISO/ OSI-RM) simply describe the networking procedure.

In the definition of a network architecture in telecommunication, a thorough description of goods and services delivered across a communications network, along with specific rate and billing systems under which every service is compensated, can be included.

Rather than a specific model for connecting networks or nodes in the network or using certain types of hardware links, the Internet's network architecture is defined largely by its use of the Internet protocol suite.

Another advantage of network architecture is security, which is becoming increasingly important as more user devices connect to the network. The network design, also known as network architecture in computers and protocols, must allow for quick and efficient user identification and authentication.

Types of Computer Network Architecture

A computer network may be built in a number of ways. Network architecture refers to how computers are organised in a system and how jobs are split among them. Peer-to-peer (P2P) and client/server network architectures are two of the most common. Client/server architecture is also known as tier architecture since it has several tiers. Let us dive deep into these two types of architecture.

 

• Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture/Model

 

Peer-to-Peer is a basic and low-cost network architecture or model used in computer networks. It usually links no more than 10 personal computers. Every computer in this network has access to every other computer's data, hardware, and information. Every computer has its storage drive for files.

In P2P networking, a group of computers is linked with the same responsibilities and rights regarding data processing. Unlike conventional client-server networking, no device in a peer-to-peer network is entirely committed to receiving or sending data. Each linked PC has the same rights as its "peers" and can be utilised for the same purposes.

P2P networks are inherently insecure. In Daily Drill Down, Brien Posey demonstrates various ways to strengthen network security. P2P networks present a unique set of network security concerns. This is because P2P networks are inherently dangerous.

All PCs have the network operating system and application software installed. Any computer on the network has access to the resources of every other computer on the network. Peer-to-peer networks are appropriate for small enterprises as well as residential consumers. Windows includes peer-to-peer network software.

Advantages

The following are some significant benefits of peer-to-peer networks:

• It’s simple to set up.
• It’s simple to maintain.
• It does not necessitate the purchase of an expensive server machine.
• It is appropriate for small offices with 10 or fewer computers.

Disadvantages

The following are some disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks:

• Heavy use might reduce network speed.
• It also puts forward less data protection because files are stored in numerous places across the network.

 

• Client-Server Network Architecture/Model

 

Client-server network architecture is a computer network architecture in which more than one computer functions as a server and other systems serve as clients. Well, the client computers are served by the server computer. The server is often referred to as the host computer. It manages network hardware and software access and offers a centralised storage location for programs, information, and data.

Client computers make requests to the server for resources. Furthermore, the server computer is robust and has more memory when compared to the client computer. Some servers are referred to as dedicated servers. Also, a dedicated server is utilised to complete a single task. The file server, for your instance, is leveraged to store and handle files. The print server manages printer and print tasks. To control network traffic, a network server is assigned.

A dedicated server is a computer dedicated to a single firm that requires website or application hosting. Dedicated servers are highly adjustable pieces of hardware that give businesses a variety of traffic and hosting control options. A dedicated server also referred to as a bare-metal server, is a piece of computer hardware that a firm uses exclusively to host its applications, data, and websites. That firm's apps and websites have access to every server resource, which includes computer power, memory, and network bandwidth.

Advantages

The following are some significant benefits of client-server network architecture over network architecture in computers:

• It lowers the amount of data transmission on the network.
• It also gives clients speedier replies.
• Because the server computer does most of the computation, it may employ less capable machines as clients.

Disadvantages

The following are some disadvantages of client-server network architecture:

• It's an expensive model due to the high cost of server computers.
• When the server fails, all actions on the network come to a halt.

The Key Takeaway

Software and protocols are important, but the core of every effective network is high-quality hardware. Irrespective of the network architecture you select, you need to invest in good hardware to power up your firm's entire network.

We hope you found this post to be really beneficial. For more computer-related posts, stay connected with Skill-Lync, a digital education platform that provides quality education by harnessing technology to equip students with the technical skills required to begin and prosper in their chosen career paths.